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KMID : 1188320190130030325
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Gut and Liver
2019 Volume.13 No. 3 p.325 ~ p.332
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Depression Promotes the Onset of Irritable Bowel Syndrome through Unique Dysbiosis in Rats
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Takajo Takeshi
Tomita Kengo
Tsuchihashi Hanae
Enomoto Shingo
Tanichi Masaaki
Toda Hiroyuki
Okada Yoshikiyo
Furuhashi Hirotaka
Sugihara Nao
Wada Akinori
Horiuchi Kazuki
Inaba Kenichi
Hanawa Yoshinori
Shibuya Naoki
Shirakabe Kazuhiko
Higashiyama Masaaki
Kurihara Chie
Watanabe Chikako
Komoto Shunsuke
Nagao Shigeaki
Kimura Katsunori
Miura Soichiro
Shimizu Kunio
Hokari Ryota
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Abstract
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Background/Aims: Although studies using conventional animal models have shown that specific stressors cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear whether depression itself causes IBS. Our aim was to establish a rat model to determine if depression itself promotes the onset of IBS and to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in brain-gut axis pathogenesis during coincident depression and IBS.
Methods: Rat models of depression were induced using our shuttle box method of learned helplessness. Visceral hypersensitivity was evaluated by colorectal distension (CRD) to diagnose IBS. Gut microbiota compositions were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. In the subanalysis of rats without depression-like symptoms, rats with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were also examined.
Results: The threshold value of CRD in depressed rats was significantly lower than that in control rats. Microbial community analysis of cecal microbiota showed that the relative abundance of Clostridiales incertae sedis, the most prevalent microbe, was significantly lower in depressed rats than in control rats. The distribution pattern of the microbiota clearly differed between depressed rats and control rats. Neither visceral hypersensitivity nor the composition of gut microbiota was altered in rats with PTSD-like phenotypes.
Conclusions: Our rat model of depression is useful for clarifying the effect of depression on IBS and suggests that depression itself, rather than specific stressors, promotes the onset of IBS. Further, we provided evidence that various psychiatric diseases, viz., depression and PTSD, are associated with unique gut microbiota profiles, which could differentially affect the onset and progression of coincident IBS.
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KEYWORD
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Irritable bowel syndrome, Depression, Stress disorders, post-traumatic, Gastrointestinal microbiome
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